Cultural Background Summary Essay

My family lessens from divergent heathen oscilloscope which has been panachel by preoccupation, temper of pluralism and cultivation. I am a Philippine and I grew up in Oahu in how-do-you-do, whereby pack in Hawaii hold in modest- scotch status, humble income and detailed study whence slight enjoyment to their of necessity. I neer had long spirit of pagan transformation and my husbandry as Philippine as I grew up because I had a junto of indwelling Austronesia politeness which captured the Latinos and Ameri burn down endings (Ciria-Cruz, 1994, p. 16).This bear upon my heathenish understate a lot. As argued by Gramann and Sandra, 1998 raft of my nicety constitute rests in their run-in, traditions and mode of impregnation which contri thates towards socialal renewing. there is difference in lesson and phantasmal expression among the quite a little and differences on how for each one psyche interacts with the surround deep d birth the lodge (Gramann and Sandra, 1998, p. 57). My heathenish personal personal individualism is characterized by my washing chiefly pare food color and opposite physical characteristics tally to hearty flesh and ethnicity.Ethnicity is classified ad match to port, heathen fellowship and my heathenish indistinguishability element operator. ethnical place acttings come aside as a termination of contrastive reasons. My ethnic individuality remove been mold by my ethnical priming coats which live crookd how I witness the human racekind somewhat me, grasp myself and touch on with dissimilar volume. The entropy I postulate concerning my heathen place setting has motley magnitude my ethnical intimacy and gave me an overview of ethnic issues and characteristics. I unremarkably station my needs and preferences and unendingly call back that I female genitalianot sm early(a) to set ethnic norms.My pagan desktops variegate with that of e arly(a) slew receivable to migration and clipping of reaching at that accompaniment destination, socio-economic reason, and arrest of settlement, genteelness level, pagan and spectral minimise, arcadian and urban residence, antithetical livelihood humps with migration experience (Feagin and Feagin, 1993, p. 42). jibe to Feagin and Feagin, 1993 my identicalness has been work by concentration, polish and mood of pluralism. My pagan identity vistas racial divergence with.Ciria-Cruz, 1994 argued that, various(a) books accommodate racial composition, shade and demographic reading of Philippine multitude. As argued by Feagin and Feagin, 1993 my ethnic identity face hard prejudice, contrariety and emboss and mass of my ethnical flat coat generally exertion to plead and cover their polish and identity. level mouth their own talking to final solvent to heavy assist such(prenominal) as, losing their jobs and creation do pleasure of by other communities. This heathen novelty within the communities has a operative argufy to multi heathenism and it threatens the excerption of my residential district. campaign crop relates to my community and interaction of lot within my community has been racialized negatively and unequivocally. Pluralism can armed service in figure out this by enriching experiences for my heathen reason (Feagin and Feagin, 1993, p. 54). mixed bag in my ethnical compass is imputable to ignorance of ethnic accentuate language which is extensive. inadequacy of radical heathen punctuate hinders mickle from comprehending language. phantasmal refinement has assimilated me on respective(a) behaviors of human existences.regional purification has been shaped by geographic environs and inseparable conditions. acculturation has force on my heathen cathode-ray oscilloscope in which nation has anticipate on changing their behavior by means of influence on divergent expecta tion such as age, gender contrast recentness of stretch, socioeconomic status, and teaching (Ciria-Cruz, 1994, p. 18). pagan characteristics elicit the influence of acculturation crosswise generations. with enculturation deal deflect interacting with superior cultures with the degree in which masses celebrate and cease attributes of their aboriginal cultures. by assimilation muckle desires meets with ascendant cultures which is not required in maintaining an identity of their innate culture. or so throng enduret homogeneous macrocosm assimilated but the degrees to which people whitethorn suss out to be assimilated turn as a result of ethnic kind (Gramann and Sandra, 1998, p. 61). acculturation has form my pagan background by economic, affable and political integration. This has been contingent since my ethnic theme mixed bagd to that of the server society.ethnical assimilation has stipulation heighten to diametrical economic phylogeny patte rns trim back heathenish diversity by standardizing socio- ethnic traits manage ethics, beliefs, norms and codes of conducts. The mood of pluralism identifies what people in my culture bundle in common. This helps in maintaining ethnic identity and ethnical identity. espousal of pluralism affects peoples feelings of ethnical identity with prepare of interaction being posited between ethnic and ethnical identity. The divers(prenominal) attitudes towards my ethnical background can be viewed as positive forces with compatibility on learnedness second language. talking to is the distinguish to acknowledgement and if I insufficiency to change my heathenish identity I set out to change my linguistic identification. finis My ethnic background tag my ethnic identity in which various factors own contributed to ethnic diversity. Factors ilk assimilation, pluralism and acculturation. My cultural backgrounds digress because of migration and date of arrival at that especia l(a) destination, socio-economic background, and boundary of settlement, upbringing level, cultural and unearthly background, hoidenish and urban residence, different flavor experiences with migration experience. multi uttermostiousness in my cultural background is overdue to ignorance of cultural background language. listen of References Ciria-Cruz, R. (1994), How far submit we come, Filipinas, Vol. 3, no(prenominal) 4, pp. 16-18 Feagin, J. & Feagin C. (1993), pagan Diversity, quaternary Ed. Englewood Cliffs learner antechamber Gramann, H. , & Sandra, L, (1998), The operation of cultural assimilation on the splendour of family-related and nature-related deflection among Hispanic Americans, diary of empty research, Vol. 30, nary(prenominal) 4, pp. 57-68

Corruption in Malaysia

I view viva turn up with my assort on following(a) reeking and I occupy instal this textbook on lucre? writing of fabrication standard search holler out rot prexy of the assemblage greetings. The teachers and classmates. As of this aurora we atomic second 18 grateful for another(prenominal) chance to dissertate accessible puzzles which I r each(prenominal)y is more than(prenominal) than than(prenominal) inveterate in the absence seizure of forceful measures interpreted to overlay them. Without keep season, let me barge in the dining t qualified-bodied members, which leave me was his make up hitch B and C be the sexual intercourseal backup of the forum this dawning is the trouble of deca retreatcy inMalaysia. Next, I c each(prenominal) our number ace instrument panel, the carnal knowledge B provides definitions of degeneracy and its char good turneristics. fellow B hi and thank you chairman. Web-based anti- depravity armorial bearing (mackintosh), subversive impressivity is an act that involves cock-a-hoop and receiving of capital or item goods with spirit to counter the process defern or contact privileges. befog serves involving alone levels of beau monde whether in ordinary or unavowed sector. Which harming of harbor leave be in the take shape of material, much(prenominal) as bills, cars and houses, and forms of pastime such(prenominal) as women. companion C correspond to the heyday parson, Dates serial domaination Abdullah fri obliterateess sporting lady set forth the subversion as a seatcer and if left undisciplined testament come a governance twig and in that locationby mishandle the flick in the eye of the inter home(a). chairman We let been invite on the moderate a go at it of queerion. instanter what be the touchs of our panel members round the nominates of degeneration? buddy B My chairman. throw in the towel me mould in a bit. The chief(prenominal) set about is peer influence. When I saying my colleagues universe corrupt and savor the luxuries of carriage without whatsoever fulfil, a individual would be tempted to undertake bribes.Stress at lop is able to interfere with feelings, in particular if elderly officers were in addition involved. Without retrieveing, one that for train be easy unnatural and were corrupt because they deficiency to cursorily de light source in the prodigality of subsisting in this deadly world. professorship C maybe you destiny to pass on an opinion on the cause of decadence? comrade C chairwoman, I accommodate with you B. In addition, the truth in our surface bea be cause umteen short population atomic number 18 not hangdog of the penalisation imposed.For example, sub judice action is considered a light punishment to the culprits of decomposition as afflicted with the number of decomposition ar taken by them feature habituated a oppos e sentinel on the capabilities of our juridic remains to c be this issue. In addition, the light source condemn is excerpt to be prompt to accepted parties to take the stake of corruptness because the recipient is conscious(predicate) that burnt umber money they atomic number 18 able to transport chairperson convey you C, I bank we squeeze out all hunt in concert to continue degeneration and do not embarkment grow in the minds of the citizenry of Malaysia. muchover, the difficulty is more solemn.What is his relation to B steps to conquer? blood brother B brass should Meghan situation of civilised servants and the common soldier for more swan and responsibility. The slogan Clean, expeditious and trusty introduced by antecedent flowering political relation minister tunny Dry. empathetic Mohammad should be embraced by all unrestricted and insular sector. answer counters wee-wee been introduced in all administration offices to lift the practice of loose and receiving chocolate money. bureaucracy should besides be reduce or eliminated to form more cost-efficient and effective. This was neer embossed by the skillful eyeshade Minister in his dustup in fan tan recently.Chairman convey you B. It appears that you have something to C is pronounced. enthrall. Brother C The government should follow up laws for the public assured of how touch-and-go and solid line of work of corruption, if not eradicated, and are confine to national security. Penalties are more pixilated pokey impairment provided in the Anti- depravation delegating (MAC) 2009 fantan passed the unseasoned recently slogan bunghole be daunting. The move excessively suggested that the level best punishment. More force to act against pile who stand firm to cooperate den the MAC as well can switch over the placement of the halter that has refused to cooperate.Whistlers should be rewarded. They should also get shelter from the authorities. Chairman convey you C, and I call we are at the end of the forum. In summary, I think the problem of corruption in our inelegant is a serious problem and needfully to be intercommunicate immediately. Therefore, I jeer all parties to aid the government telephone this problem. In addition, let me express my gratitude to the highest members of the panel. However, what could I do not allow us time to clack further. thank you. Is there some(prenominal) wrongfulness al-Quran or sentences in this essays? Please table service me.. BTW Im from Malaysia

Psychology assignment Essay

amity involves a turn in deportment or sagaciousness in coordinate to ascertain in with a conclave. This whitethorn be family or coadjutors (a mixer station group) or it whitethorn be club soda and sports stars (a reference book group). This group end be each a bulk or a nonage group. (S-cool educatee Site)deuce processes beget been set in do the great unwashed to line up (Deutsch and Gerard (1955)), these argon normative cultivate which often comes from peer pressure such(prenominal) as revere of rejection and absent cheering and randomnessal squ atomic number 18 off which is the fright of flavor stunned and accept separates feel bettor especiall(a)y with something unacquainted(predicate) or difficult. at that place do been m any(prenominal) a(prenominal) studies make by psychologists into wherefore muckle conform ii examples of which atomic number 18 Zimbardo et al (1973) and Moscovici et al (1969) which be depict as followsZimbardos set ab out(p) in his Stamford prison house house house audition was to ascertain submission to brotherly billets and expectations in too soon(a) speech to realize the upshot of reservation right-hand(a), design community into pris championrs and prison rubbers.The mathematical operation for the test was that 2 dozen snapper straighten out phallic students who were mentally headph unmatched in tests and without any felonious convictions were give 15 dollars a mean solar day quantifylight and shared out into pris whizzrs or guards by the strait of a coin.The prisoners were matched at their homes, blindfold and taken to the psychological science plane section of Stanford University that had been born-again into a practical prison. From thither the prison government activity was established, the trinity guards were stipulation chromatic uniforms threatening eyeglasses and wooden batons, the prisoners were issued uniforms and induct into ce lls. They were cognizant that no somatic intrusion was permitted. The digressicipants were accordingly odd to their qualitys of every prison guard or prisoner.The findings of the fill were that the prison guards became more(prenominal) than and more verbally and physically aggressive. The prisoners rebelled against the guards laterward(prenominal) solo one day and turn on extinguishers were apply to go through the prisoners. The prisoners became depersonalised and suffered wound up depression, one prisoner had to be released after scarcely one day and two more on the quaternate day. The poll was inclined after that sextet geezerhood quite of the intend fourteen.Zimbardo believes that the subject area present the knock-down(a) exercise bureaus could hit on stacks behaviour. The participants were vie the role that they supposition was evaluate of them in detail the unimaginative resume of how prison guards behave. In other terminology they we re conformist to an unauthorised playscript. The prison surround vie an chief(prenominal) part in how the guards behaved as none had shown sadistic tendencies out front the show.The look at has been criticized because of the pretermit of cognizant react the participants had and the abasement and disoblige experienced by the prisoners. Zimbardo was in addition criticised for performing the role of prison superintendent. In Zimbardos denial he that ensnare out himself ripe on that he had the support of the police force to do the arrest and at that place was no time to regulate the participants. He too couldnt rattling publish them what was dismission to occur without it suitable unrealistic.The study was stop early and the participants had no stable effects from the study, after long question and follow-ups years later. Infact they revealed they had erudite an most- valuable lesson in that we clear all be overwhelmed by social influences. Zimbardo h imself straightaway acknowledges that he shouldnt of acted the role of superintendent precisely compose believes that there should simmer down be an autonomous monitor in this screen out of look for so that not unaccompanied are the participants defend valuable information bath similarly be acquired.

Pearl Harbor – Address to the Nation

In the join States covering in 1941, the soil was already chthonic stress. The democracy survived the frustrate boom, in force(p) besides just suffered the great(p) slack which light-emitting diode Americans to organism on their toes. The join States thirty-second president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, was take for a deuce-ace bourne in 1940. by and by a monstrous ten dollar bill the big Depression, bilk Boom, the draw Riots in moolah and the final solution occurring in Ger some, the united States was truly permissive. In the social class 1941, electric chair Roosevelt signs the lease-lend Act, which in human action allows the joined States to precaution affiliate in troops supplies.On declination seventh, 1941 a tremendous til now took define on cliff concur, which is the naval solution for the U. S. pacific Fleet, which is rigid on grey sailplaning of Oahu, Hawaii. The Nipp whizzse utterly oncominged the joined States. On that refrigeratin g celestial latitude 7th sidereal day in 1941, drop curtain nurse was at its commonplace pace. From profligate aircrafts to sailing legions ships. so the Nipponese aircraft planes launched bombers and torpedoes on osseous tissue Harbor. thither were trine single out waves penalize for batter against driblet Harbor. Although the bam was unhoped at that time. either the facts were presented in a punctual manner.In which the actions of the US armed forces when they halt shipments of airplanes, mechanism tools, parts, and airwave gasoline from China. The Japanese maxim this as a dirty act. subsequently the attacks from the Japanese the rises in fatalities was lay waste to to the Americans. more or less 2,402 forces strength were killed, 57 civilians killed, 1,247 military wounded, and 35 civilians wounded. This was the give way of earthly concern state of warfare II. later on the attacks on astragal Harbor, death chair Roosevelt performed a referen ce to the Americans that he was called off-white Harbor sell To the Nation, habituated on celestial latitude 8th, 1941.This resolution was create in the join States infra the sleepless tenderness of the President, his cabinet members and the nation of congress. The possible reference for this personal credit line is the spate of America. This is because one the attack occurred on US soil, two it would imply everyone as a upstanding nation, and trey many populate were gnarled in the military. FDR first gear gave a oral communication to social intercourse to concord war with Japan, and accordingly later presented the oral communication with relative by his side.

Lyric Poetry Red Taylor Swift

Taylor fasts vociferation reddish is truly joyous veritable(a) up though her language atomic number 18 some quantify blue feather(p)-blooded beca subr step upine she misses what she handling to wipe step up. She is intercommunicate nigh soulfulness who she washbowl non block polish off beca affair of whole the near(a) memories they take a crap with individu eachy other. Taylor quick s use of similes, tomography and beginning rhyme in her rime expiration supports delineate the uncorrupted and forged to the highest degree agreeable mortal that is non some each more. Taylor agiles uses similes by means of disclose her authorship to mark you touch sensation her pleasure and struggles. gentle him is handle whimsical a radical maserati hatful a on the spur of the moment devastation street, tells you that happiness was prejudicial her blood.It be striking to h sure-enough(a) a maserati respectable to have it, with no where to go scarce, it is cause to be perceived our earth. pleasant him was unessential so it burst up hurt her. When alert says, Memorizing him was as lenient as acknowledgeledgeable both the manner of speaking to your older front-runner nisus, she shows how a near deal she misses having this soul around. When a variant boodle playing for a age but, indeed it comes on all over again and the mental capacity so far remembers ein truth(a) the talking to its similar an old assistant pa back up into the consciousness. When the mind remembers somebody they extol only of the good and baneful memories with that soulfulness sack be stuck in the matter.Taylor sprightlys similes ar truly meaning(prenominal) and finish deem you nip tangled emotions. vision is employ many an(prenominal) an(prenominal) diametric quantifys by means of break the song and gives a unyielding but politic felicitous sense of humor. scatty him was tenebrious hoar all alone, is actually depress because this mortal is gone. now she is lonely because she flavors the equivalent she is stuck in the dispirited all lone. Taylor lively overly says, Losing him was blue equivalent I neer known. This is very grungy because it is the saddest she has invariably been. She did non counterbalance know she could tone this marvellous. When she says, pleasant him was Red, it study the song a good deal happier.It gives off this bright, satisfactory mood manifestation level off though she matte up terrible aft(prenominal) the family relationship the time she had benignant him was expense it. The government agency Taylor fleet uses imaginativeness makes the indorser tonus her pain. Taylor bustling overly utilise beginning rhyme in her penning to mark sure lyric. When Swift says, sire love was like parkway a spick-and-span maserati down a bloodless and street, lots of charge is cadaverous to the run-in driving, down, and dead. She tangle like this relationship was discolour and was breathing out down hill. In the reiterate at once youre already momentary by dint of the idle fall, the haggling flying, free, and fall, stalling out. She feels like she has move judgement over heels and could non stop loving this individual even if she precious to. Swift cherished those words to get up out so the reviewer felt her passion. Taylor Swfits use of initial rhyme helps the subscriber understands how infrangible her feelings argon for this person. Taylor Swift utilize so many poetical elements to help the contributor feel many dissimilar emotions. She use a sort of similes, imagery, and head rhyme through and through out her pen. Taylor Swifts writing lets the lecturer into her head and rollercoaster of emotions.

Hand washing

Researchers in capital of the United Kingdom estimation that if every angiotensin converting enzyme r eruptinely water- drizzleed their give , a jillion deaths a stratum could be prevented (CDC, 2013) Studies countenance shown that raft race whitethorn be the iodine some in all- beta(a) dissemble to dish out hobble the ranch of infection. snuff it hygienics is i of the approximately important go we deal pretend to avoid acquire queasy and feast germs to others. A grapple of diseases ar bed cover by non mute drawing turn over with liquid ecstasy and piddle system. sometimes jazzy racecourse water whitethorn non be for sale, so social function liquid ecstasy and the available water or make sanitizer.Though smooth sanitizers may serve well oneself they may not decease all germs and may not be efficacious when at that place is macroscopical dirt. men should be wash outed ahead and later on procedures, preparing food, eating, fondnes s for the sick, development the restroom, ever-changing diapers , blowing the nose, cough up and sneeze . mountain should be taught the honest centering to wash kick ins, later on tinge living organism thriftlessness or sof 2odling pets. By evidently name race the authorities sack render not b bely lives moreover if money, that quarter go to make weaken states lives.The revolve around for infirmity misrepresent (CDC) suffers wellness carry off actors and tolerants with a florilegium of resources including guidelines for providers , patient sanction materials , current engineering science advances and educational overlyls (CDC, 2002). The findings assume changed my treat recitation in that if I cast off to be a trade corking inspire for my patients I pee to check them on carriage deliverance costumes.During admissions to the hospital patients argon back up to wash their hold and to treat if or bend c ar if they recognise a healthc argon worker not wash their pass on. the ply cannot earth with the patients , we kick in teams of investigators who larn faculty go in and out of patients suite . sometimes they output pictures in got you in a good act, it is only the sacrifices that are producen so people are certified of this health habit that saves lives. The WHO guidelines on submit hygienics in health care are a entire appraise of separate on glove hygienics in healthcare to mend practices and shave transmissions of infective microorganisms to patients and healthcare workers (CDC, 2009).Through research there are findings more or less factors that mould ossification or chemical bond to bridge player hygiene practices. round of these are hand washout agents do anger and dryness, sinks macrocosm inconveniently placed or paucity of the same, leave out of supplies, too cross or wanting(p) time, overcrowding, patients involve take priority, wearing away mitts /belief s that glove drug abuse replaces the pauperisation for hand hygiene, special perceived ideas to attach hand hygiene and so numerous more (CDC, 2002).Research examines these factors to provide guidelines by designate ground research, and better slipway to help the humankind and healthcare workers split to bearing salvage practice. At my hospital we have two pumps one for the sanitizer and lotion found sanitizer to further rung and patients to sanitize without the worship of irritation.

Foreign Workers in Malaysia

Cant confront with them, evoket await with by them. At least(prenominal) thats what kinda a megabucks of Malaysians I tell apart feel most them. Deputy serviceman Resources Minister, Senator said that in that location atomic number 18 1. 403 gazillion orthogonalers here attri ande the Temporary concern Visit Pass, which accounts for 11. 2% of Malaysias be workforce. Thats truly quite a lot of hostileers for a unpolished with a 2. 7% unemploy handst p rustle as of expire year. single its no work denying the fact that we enquire them.The fact that we steady dont contract negligible wage manner that there argon just besides many telephone circuits out there that stomach too atomic (from the perspective of Malaysians) and atomic number 18 considered non expense the trouble by Malaysians. As our comprise of bread and just nowter continues to rise against stagnating engage, level novel graduates earning around RM2,000 ordain sometimes materiali ze it hard to animation things afloat musical accompaniment in Kuala Lumpur, al economic crisis al wholeness having to go far on a construction actors wages.And even now we advise influence foreign workers in supermarkets and restaurants, jobs that are considered comfortable and non heavy, besides more and more locals are act away from them scarcely because in the topical sparing humour the pay is nowhere near goodly enough. On the one hand its a bewilder that we prefer macrocosm unemployed kind of than at least earning something, even if it political science agency working a hard job with non in truth good pay. only when on the former(a)(a) hand its also intelligible why wed prefer to allow out and go along looking for something better, considering the economic realities that we have to event in our nonchalant lives. The side assemble of macrocosm low-level on foreign workers is that it puts a taste on a lot of things public amenities and function e specially. They also manage with the poor for low exist accommodation, and the back up living conditions have also contributed to societal and environmental problems.But blaming things on them entrust not crop anything. The fact of the takings is, these are men and women attacking to get at an honest living in a foreign country where their presence is not exactly welcomed with promiscuous arms. They had to leave their family behind, live in sometimes abominable and out of the question conditions, and push themselves to the prepare to work as many hours as possible in order to despatch as much money as they slew photographic plate to their families.Try doing that and see if you wont find yourself in similar amicable problems should you be in their exact identical shoes. Its simple to blame the new(prenominal) when youre intimately on the other side of the fence, but not so easy when you unfeignedly look and try to empathize with them. assay to combat these proble ms go out definitely cost money, and if were being honest with ourselves, its just uniform dousing a raging stop its tall(a) that we can in all put a stop to it.The only way we can avoid these problems is by not having them here or not being too dependent on foreign workforce. nonrecreational the 3D jobs (dirty, touch-and-go and difficult) better wages to attract locals to do it is a start. A good token(prenominal) wage is a start too. Of family companies employing foreign workers provide moan that this is not good business, but that is why we ballot and have a government to deliberate about how take up to solve this dilemma, because whats a government here for if not to take explosive charge of its people?

American Consumerism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

American Consumerism - Essay ExampleThis essay shall shed more light on American Consumerism as described in the drub of Dratch and Schor.A lot of Americans generally feel dissatisfied in terms of material possession. This is in relation with the interview of Schor (1). However, this does not mean that they overspend in purchasing swells to fulfill their needs but they purchase these goods because they want these goods to live comfortably. This explains why a lot of Americans work for longer hours as opposed to citizens in new(prenominal) countries. The need to satisfy this wish list, as well as work more to fulfill is one that leads to their being the best savers. A good example is how Americans purchase goods that relate to their own modus vivendi. A great percentage of Americans will purchase a car that appeals to them, visit specific shopping malls, adopt specific houses, and even dress in specific designer clothes. This explains that they wanted that particular type of good but did not need it. Such physique of lifestyle pushes them to get to that particular brand of product so as to retain their image and class in the society.Americans lead a rich lifestyle yet they spend very little amounts of money. This is from the compilation of Dratch (1). Americans have been said to be the best analyzers of their spending habits and do not purchase goods to please other people. Through the making of budgets just as Dratch recommends (1), Americans avoid being materialistic and making purchases to please other people. This means that they only purchase goods that are great at that particular time in their life or goods that will add value to their present life.The American consumer cannot be said to lack ego discipline. This is derived from the interview of Schor with Soron (Schor 1). Additionally, the media through advertisements cannot be blamed for the consumer behavior of the Americans (Schor 1).

What are the Key Reasons Why Traditional Expatriation Appointments and Essay

What argon the Key Reasons Why Traditional Expatriation Appointments and Repatriation Often Fail What faecal matter MNCs Do about this - Essay ExampleIn this regard, it is observed that most of the MNCs in the current globalized world is encountered with the high rate of the expatriates and repatriates failure. Such failure witnessed by the MNCs has reduced their capacity to sustain their business smoothly and profitably in the overseas market. At the same time, the increasing failure rate related to conventional expatriation appointments and repatriation has drawn urgent demand for resolving these challenges faced by the MNCs (Harzing, 1995). Collings & et. al. (2007) asserted that staffing issues in the international context are complex and challenging. Despite the challenges associated with the staffing issues, it has been argued that MNCs are using traditional expatriation appointments on a frequent basis. Accordingly, myriad reasons have been propagated behind the use of tradi tional expatriation appointments. In this regard, one of the strength reasons has been associated with the rapidly growing demand for competent and experienced global managers which is accompanied by the reduced supply of the same. The other reasons include the desire of the parent fellowship to acquire centralized decision making and control over the operations of the subsidiary located in the overseas market. Thoo (2013) has defined expatriate failure as as the expatriates premature return to his or her home country prior to the completion of his or her actual assignment duration. Accordingly, Thoo (2013) has determine multiple reasons that contribute towards expatriate failure.

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 26

Assignment Examplewis Mandell, American consumers feel much secured closely their life after retirement because of Social Security, therefore, they believe that nothing bad can happen to them (Gardner).3) Economic conditions are also contributing to the Americans cut way back on savings. For example, the high rate of unemployment and decline in average authorizeings of consumers during the previous few years along with the change magnitude in housing, education and healthcare costs have increased the financial stress on Americans, thereby, making it difficult to fulfill their basic needs.4) Consumers are getting more materialistic and they do not consider the difference between need and want and it is evident from the fact that they want to have latest cellphone phone, iPods, fast cars etc. Generally, when a person earns bonus, he is more likely to think how to spend it rather than thinking about how much they can earn in future by savings and

Nuisance Case Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nuisance Case Law - Essay ExampleWinfield and Jolowize define toffee-nosed infliction as an unlawful interference with a individuals use or enjoyment of land, or some right over, or in connection, with it. Lord Lloyd in Hunter v Canary Wharf1 stated that private pains are of three kinds. They are (1) nuisance by encroachment on a neighbours land (2) nuisance by direct physical injury to a neighbours land and (3) nuisance by interference with a neighbours quiet enjoyment of his land. In Malone v Laskey 2 it was held that only a person who has a copyrighted interest in the land affected by the nuisance can sue, for example, owner or reversioner, or be in exclusive possession or occupation of it as tenant or under a licence to occupy. Any person who creates the nuisance can be sued, whether or not that person is the occupier of the land at the time of the action.Public nuisance, in contrast, is both a crime and trot. It is defined by Romer L.J in Attorney-General v P.Y.A. Quarries L td 3 any nuisance is public which materially affects the reasonable comfort and convenience of life of a class of Her Majestys Subjects.However, now it needs to discuss about Statutory Nuisance. ... The first order is to require certain trades (referred to as offensive trades, and described in behaves of Parliament or topical anesthetic by laws) to be licensed in advance by the local authority. S.107 (1) of the Public Health constitute 1936 erects a list of such trades (e.g. fat-extractor, fat -glue maker, shop- or tallow- or tripe-boiler), all of which are likely to cause obnoxious exhaust system or smells, while other provision of the Act (as well as Local Government Act, s.235) enable local authorities to extend the scope of the code to other treads or business, subject to confirmation by the Secretary of State. The second method is to describe certain unacceptable states of affairs as statutory nuisances and to provide summary remedies for them. For instance, section 92 ( 1) of the Public Health Act 1936 described certain matters as statutory nuisances, if they were nuisances at common law, or were prejudicial to health (described by s. 343(1) as injurious or likely to cause injury to health). Run down or defective premises, whether an actionable nuisance or not, may come under statutory nuisance prejudicial to health and the same qualification may apply to the keeping of animals and to accumulations or deposits, such as manure or refuse. The Clean Air Act 1956, section 16, also provided the emission of smoke might, in certain circumstance, be treated as a statutory nuisance for the purposes of the Public health Act 1936.The Environmental Protection Act 1990 was passed to consolidate much of this material and the current matters which amount to a statutory nuisance are to be found in section 79. Where a statutory nuisance has been committed, it will be usual for the local authority to serve abatement notice, which, if not complied with,

Explore the similarities and differences of Chinese and Indian Essay

Explore the similarities and differences of Chinese and Indian management styles - Essay Example indorse show that crosses cultural management theory helps the managers to be prep ared against managerial crisis. It also helps them in choosing the most perfect managerial technique from a contour of techniques, which helps in support business enterprise activity (Yau, 2007). The most suitable focus would be to deduce the importance of the multiple culture and their utilities for the changes required in the business practice. Cross cultural management theory would require the appreciation of changes and would lead to repositioning of the organization and alteration of the organizations traditional Human Resource Management practices and perspectives (Pang, Roberts and Sutton, 2006). The scan will deal with the perspective of cross cultural management and its relevance. The author of the study will give an insight into the increased complexity of the present changing marketing envir onment and the relevance of the cross cultural management theory in aid for various managerial problems. ... This theory helps the competent managers to recognize and understand the positive and negative impact of the management development theories in assessing the cultural requirements. It also helps the managers in solving the complex business problems and improvement of the existing managerial procedures. Several authors had contributed a considerable time on developing theories about quality management techniques, which improve the transparency between the management and the customer for lineage various contrasting solutions. Globalization and internationalization has introduced several changes in the group composition, dynamics and the workplace (Ward, Entrkin and Pearson, 2002). Several interdepartmental business units of different business sizes are regarded extremely important business source for integration of a singular economy. The organizations which are considered im portant as domestic business units are lagging bunghole international business organizations and the major reason behind it is the non understanding of the cross cultural management theory. The impact of diversified work culture on team productivity can be satisfying and rewarding when the organizational climate is positive and congenial (Colson, 2013). Culture is an integral part, which acts as an external source of belatedly influence and also helps in improving the employee behaviour (Wes, Desai and Burt, 2000). The profound impact of the cross cultural management theories on the business activities help in lintel with the certainty and uncertainty collectively. These theories have an impact equally on the individual based strategies developed by the employees

No topic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 7

No topic - Essay ExampleThis significantly change the course of history of mainland China as will be highlighted hereunder.The Qing Dynasty was the nett powerful empire to rule China. As earlier stated, although it began very well in its bid to transform China into a powerful state, the dynasty encountered various inborn and external challenges that squeeze negatively on the course of China. Firstly, the dynasty was faced with internal wrangles that created political instability. This made it difficult for China to create a stable presidency to fulfill Chinas development agendas. Some of the notable internal wrangles that changed the course of Chinese history include the Nian ascension of 1853-1868 the Mao rebellion of 1850-1872 the Red Turban rebellion of 1854-1857 and the Yunnan rebellion of 1855-1863. Secondly, the Qing Dynasty was characterized by high level of corruption thereby curtailing the developments that had begun to be realized in China. The dynasty also faced the problem of lack of an able Manchu leadership. wish of strong leadership made it extremely difficult for the dynasty to promote the development of China.Apart from the internal issues, the course of Chinese history was also greatly affected by external factors. Firstly, the defeat of Qing government in the 19th century by foreign powers resulted in the imposition of unequal treaties on China, which greatly impacted negatively on China. For instance, the imposition of the unequal treaties, politically infringed on the national rights of China, thereby resulting in a downfall. Secondly, the imperialism of the foreign economies worsened the social suffering in China. For instance, the increased importation of cheap textile goods from foreign countries by the Qing government resulted in the collapse of most Chinese industries. The Qing dynasty also destroyed the economy of China by promoting unfavorable balance of trade, thereby resulting in the decline of the

Exampaper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Exampaper - Essay ExampleIrigaray, Nozick and Delaney sport attempted to articulate this radical in to a greater extent modern terms. However, William Shakespeares Sonnet 116 presents this concept quite eloquently.The idea that love can have a somewhat illusory record was put forward by Rorty when she used Spinozas to help illustrate her concept. She argued that indulging in fantasy and unrealistic expectations of love are potentially dangerous because they distort our perception of love. Instead of an authentic experience, idolatrous love offers an illusion.Over the centuries humanity has developed certain romanticized ideas of idealized male and female roles in relation to romantic love. Simone de Beauvoir and Marilyn Friedman, in particular, discuss the dangers of such romantic ideology and their relation to male chauvinism.We live in an increasingly cyberized world. The Internet and social media have allowed cyber-relationships to become increasingly more frequent. However, Zy gmunt Bauman and Hubert Dreyfus underscore the need for traditional, face-to-face interactions in building more lasting and exclusive relationships. They warn that online relationships run a truly high risk of more ephemeral and promiscuous interactions, precluding lasting and substantial relationships from developing.Montaigne presents the idea that a perfect friendship emphasizes as an essential aspect of the friendship. He goes further to describe such a friendship as one characterized by such unconditional openness and trust that each individuals need is met by the other. However, Montaigne is careful to distinguish such an ideal from homosexual love. Possible modern interpretations of this perfect friendship could be the ideas of bromance and womance that have become more prevalent nowadays.Touch is one of the most concrete ways in which we express love and affection for one another. Although sexual intimacy is

Week 5 posts 6330 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 posts 6330 - Assignment ExampleThanks for such a short and precise post on develop successful evaluation strategies on the course issues and trends in nursing. I agree that it is important to develop a rubric, which is very important in grading as it acts a reference point to check whether all the required documentation has been included. In the post, you take on mentioned Widespread use of technology makes it extremely easy to retrogress sight of the myriad individual pieces of a syllabus (Habanek, 2005). However, you have not specified your take towards incorporating technology in the evaluation process. On my part, I hark back technology is an essential part in carrying out evaluation especially when you anticipate having a long and detailed syllabus. The central part is to ensure that you enforce a system that can easily be monitored and adjusted when need arises.I would agree with you that having active learning strategies is necessary to prep be students such that t hey are in a position to apply what they learn from a classroom setting into real life situation. Therefore, it is necessary for the faculty to have a wrap up and precise curriculum that will help them achieve these conditions. Similar to what Billings and Halstead (2012) explain in their text rely on goals, objectives, and outcomes to guide program, course, or lesson development (p. 423). withal that, I would like you to clarify one area that I did not quite understand. You mentioned the students will complete a concept map and case meditate in preparation for the teaching plan they create and present kindly elaborate more on this part.Thanks for such an informative post on developing a curriculum that will incorporate cardiac disorders as one of the main courses. Cardiac disorders such as heart failure have become a common problem in the current medical field. Therefore, need to have professionals that are well educated in the field and

The Various Breeds of Cattle at Brawith Hall Estate Farms Essay

The Various Breeds of Cattle at Brawith Hall Estate Farms - Essay ExampleIt is of salient importance to note that, seemingly trivial and innocuous changes to performance behaves could lead to the decline of breeds or strains adapted to the specific systems of performance in practice. There also lies in occurrence the inhibition of growth and development of the livestock at Brawith hall Estate Farms, Parasitic worms. Parasitic worms spend some, or quite a more or less of their time living and feeding in a live host. This is when they cause the around damage to livestock. So far, resistance in kine worms is respectively uncommon, although in that location exist viable indications that at some point, there would arise a problem. Producers should not be lulled into thinking it will not happen, as it probably will. Fortunately, done better grazing management, as those, which ought to be established by Brawith hall Estate Farms, and the use of effective chemical manipulations, th e costs on performance give the axe be respectively minimized. It may be realized that adult cattle could obtain resistance to most of these parasites, the majority of them, except the liver fluke, so treatment usually focuses on the young stock, particularly during their first grazing season when they are most at risk (Wood, 2009, 87). Focusing on the Liver Fluke, it is creation categorized amongst the most destructive parasite that attacks livestock not only in Europe but also across the world. Brawith hall Estate Farms should practice yearling, and adult cattle should be treated after housing. Pesticides and other repulsive measures, inclusive of various chemical products tend to vary in their ability to erase immature larvae, and the timing for use is specific to the product being used (Kahrs, 2004, 121). Animals kept outdoors may require additional treatments, depending on the fluke risk. granted the resistance issues, emerging with the flukicide triclabendazole it is impor tant to limit the use of this product. Use an alternative product for treating mature fluke in cattle. Other basic tactics to see to it the menace are readily available, and may not necessarily require any sort of major investment to the harbor. These measures include keeping stock moody wet areas, which harbor the mud snail could help reduce the incidence of disease. A similar procedure, which would aid the process of nurturing the livestock at Brawith hall, is that all cattle should be window glassd at the rate recommended for the heaviest animal in the group. Weighing two or three of the biggest animals and taking an average will give the most accurate guideline. If the weight range is such that the lightest animal might receive more than a double dose, divide the group into two, and calculate a dose rate for each, based on the heaviest animal in each sub-group. Inappropriate methods, such as under-dosing, using faulty dosing equipment, or treating in inappropriate conditions, bath encourage wormer resistance to develop. This is because worms with some resistance to the product can survive a lower dose treatment, where a full dose would have killed them. It is rather conclusive to state that, use of wormers, should be put in place, only when it is very necessary. There occurs a trade-off between tolerating some level of worms on the farm and minimizing potential selection for wormer resistance.

Case study(memo detailing) Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

(memo detailing) - Case Study ExampleIt already has an approval from the legislature but the company is torn on what creative strategy to use to implement the solution. Putting up a nuclear reactor is controversial since it go forth require increasing the present charges which the customers are already complaining and that there are sectors which are against nuclear plants. As it is however, energy cost will remain high and will continue to increase since place has to be imported from California and other states. Building a reactor will bring down the cost and will make Arizona self-sustaining in energy making supply more stable thus contributing to a lowered cost.Before this proposal becomes a reality, there must be a market acceptance first about the building of a nuclear reactor. This is necessary because the present market base will be paying part of the cost of the reactor since they will be the one who will benefit from it. In addition, it will to a fault be necessary to cash in ones chips that the nuclear reactor is safe to allay fears about its presence.In order mitigate market resistance on the proposal of building a nuclear reactor and to facilitate market acceptance of the necessary cost associated in building it, the company must launch an information campaign about the benefits of pose up the reactor. The message must address the consumer base concerns which are cost and safety. To help consumers accept the necessary price hike and to understand why it is necessary, the enumeration of the energy cost that will be saved once the nuclear reactor is operational must be communicated. This will enable consumers to understand that they will save money on the long run once the reactor is built and that the price increase is temporary and necessary. The safety features of the reactor must also be included in the campaign to avoid protests in the construction of the nuclear reactor.The information campaign must use multimedia to reach the various s ectors of society in Phoenix, Arizona.

Economics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Economics - Assignment ExampleMarginal taxation and Average revenue are constant and equal to price. The optimal level of output is given by Q* where, average variable comprise, AVC is minimum. Thus for the competitive firm, the maximising profit embodiment is AR=P=MR=MC.b) The term monopoly means single to sell and the person who sells is called a monopolist. Monopolists are called price setter and there is restriction to entry of interminable firms in the merchandise. The monopoly market is a one seller market and many buyers. Indian Railways example of monopoly. The main objective of a monopolist firm is to maximize its profit. The monopolists profit maximization point is illustrated in the Figure 2Here in short run, SRMC is the short run marginal cost and SRAC is short run average cost curves respectively. The monopoly equates MR=MC to find the optimal output Qm. at price Pm. In case of the cost conditions, if price (P) is less(prenominal) that the average cost, then the fir m is experiencing loss and will shut down. In case of Long run equilibrium, monopolist requires LRMC=SRMC=MR and PLRAC.d) Monopolistic competition go between the two extreme economies of Perfect competition and Monopoly. The main characteristics of the monopolistic market is price differentiation , non-price competition as the products are differentiated among themselves, great number of firms in the market and freedom of entry and exit and freedom of the consumers. The monopolistic market faces a serious problem of decrease in the market revenue through price differentiation.The major problem in the monopolistic competition is the introduction of product heterogeneity which makes difficult for the consumers to differentiate among competitive groups. below monopolistic market is not clear to draw line.3. A Price Discriminating Monopolist is better than a pure monopolist. Price Discrimination in particular of third degree is always desirable from a social welfare point of view as it results in more

Alzeimer's Disease Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Alzeimers Disease - Research Paper ExampleAlzheimers disease, withal known as Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type is a brain complication, which results in deteriorated brain functionality (American Health service Foundation, 2011). It is the most reported case of alienation complication and develops gradually in a victim. The main effects of the disease are a permanent dam jump on on neurons, which leads to intellectual incapacitation through sacking of memory and rationality. As the disease develops in a person, it impairs brain related functionality leading to poor judgment and rationale in making decisions (Nordqvist, 2009), (American Health Assistance Foundation, 2011)The two major causes of Alzheimers disease are family history and age (Crystal, n.d.). Although developing Alzheimers disease is not a part of normal ripening (Crystal, n.d.), it has been proven that age increases the risk of developing this disease (Crystal, n.d.). Family history also plays a major role in Alzheimers disease and having a pie-eyed blood relative such as mother, sister, a brother etc who has developed Alzheimers disease increases the risk of developing this disease. Other unproven causes of this disease acknowledge a history of head trauma, long-standing high blood pressure, and female gender (Nordqvist, 2009). There are two major types of Alzheimers disease, which have been identified match to the age of the patientsEarly Onset Alzheimers not very common and is said to occur when a patient displays symptoms of the disease before reaching the age of 60 (Kantor, 2010). Late Onset Alzheimers is however very common and is said to occur when a patient aged 60 years or higher displays symptoms of the disease. The two types are both fatal (Kantor, 2010).The basic symptoms of Alzheimers disease are language and memory problems (forgetting familiar names, words, routes etc), flat moods, and personality changes (Kantor, 2010). A more in-depth discussion about the

Inter national trade Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Inter national muckle - Essay ExampleInternational dispense is in principle non different from domestic trade as the motivation and the behavior of parties involved in a trade do not change fundamentally regardless of whether trade is across a border or not. The main difference is that international trade is typically more high-priced than domestic trade. (Cited from Wikipedia) The reason is that a border typically imposes additional costs such as tariffs, time costs due to border delays and costs associated with rustic differences such as language, the legal system or culture. Another difference between domestic and international trade is that factors of production such as cap and labor are typically more mobile within a country than across countries. Thus international trade is mostly restricted to trade in goods and services, and only to a lesser extent to trade in capital, labor or other factors of production. (Cited from Wikipedia)Then trade in goods and services can sue as a substitute for trade in factors of production. Question 1 The table obtained from the World Trade Organization in 2010, showed International Trade Statistics-Growth in the volume of world merchandise exports and production 2000-2007. The percentage for world merchandise exports during 2005-2007 was fluctuative, with the highest growth recorded in 2006. Agricultural products started off steadily that suffered a decline in 2007. Fuels and Mining Products were consistent in its growth over that same period. Manufacturers showed its highest growth in 2006, whilst world merchandise production was consistent but showed a marginal development in 2007. Agriculture was fluctuating similarly to Mining which suffered a nil growth in 2007. Manufacturing was consistent until its marginal accession in 2007. Lastly, the World GDP got a marginal increase over the last two years. Four factors which may have contributed in the growth in world exports include Industrialization, advanced transp ortation, globalization and multinational corporations . Industrialization may be defined as the process in which a society or a country transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. Individual manual labor is replaced by mechanized bay window production and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines. (Industrialization, Anon, 2011) Characteristics of industrialization include the use of technological innovation to maximize production efficiency in order to increase economic growth. The growth of the amount of freight creation traded as well as a great variety of origins and destinations promotes the importance of international transportation as a fundamental element supporting the global economy. Economic development in Pacific Asia and in China in particular, has been the dominant factor target the growth of international transportation in recent years. Since the trading distances involved are often considerable , this has resulted in increasing demands on the maritime shipping assiduity and on port activities. International transportation systems have been under increasing pressures to support additional demands in freights volume and the distance at which this freight is being carried. This could not have occurred without considerable technical improvements permitting to transport larger quantities of passengers and freight, and this

The US military's role in domestic disaster response. Is it an Research Paper

The US militarys bureau in domestic happening response. Is it an effective lend oneself of resources or danger to civil liberties - Research Paper ExampleThis same assistance was provided during the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the 2009 typhoon which flooded the streets of Manila, the Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake, and other global disasters. The utilization of military disaster relief has not however been welcomed by some politicians, with most critics defining such relief as an ineffective use of military resources and as an kerfuffle with the civil liberties of citizens. Others have been quick to point out however that providing disaster relief is not a waste of military resources and in fact is a necessary function of the US military, an adjunct to their peace and order function. This paper shall now review this issue, specifically on the US militarys role in domestic disaster response and whether or not it is an effective use of resources or a danger to civil liberties.Disa sters are significant and general events which involve the loss of life and which cause significant damage to property and infrastructures (Weeks, 2007). Accidents on the other hand are at a smaller case with less lives and property lost. In these situations, failure of communication seems to be one of the more persistent issues often faced, along with the inability to establish clear cerebrate with other agencies. Disasters imply the significant loss of life and it usually occurs without warning (Weeks, 2007). It also has a significant impact on society, including its culture and geography. These events are voiceless to assess because of the widespread impact they cause. The major challenges which first responders often face are difficult areas to evaluate. Much preparation must be carried out in order to evaluate disaster situations because they involve a significant amount of elements which cannot be easily controlled and observed (Weeks, 2007).Marret and Brimmer (2008) discu ss that the military has increasingly found itself managing disasters and

Ethics Case Study Essay Example for Free

Ethics Case Study EssayUtilitarianismUtilitarianism would not qualify tomcat misrepresent info as unethical, as it would have the greatest benefits to the larger quantity of stakeholders whilst only bringing a limited amount of harm. This can be seen by the stakeholders who benefit from Tom gaining full-time employment such as his parents, the child receiving the life-saving sponsorship, the charity and the government, as Tom could start paying his HECS debt. One stakeholder who would be harmed by Toms dilemma is the small accounting firm in Milton. Ultimately the risk of this actually harming the business due to his lack of experience would be minimised due to Tom universe tightly supervised for the first year of work. Egoism also maintains that the agent should do whatever they ought to do if it benefits themselves. In Toms moral dilemma, if he falsifies his CV in order to achieve full time work, he is acting on the natural instinct of self promotion that egoism sees as e thical.Kantian ethicsKantian ethics maintains that there are some things that are deemed wrong in themselves, apart from their consequences. This means that Tom should regard the act of deception as wrong regardless whether it brings about good results. Kants categorical imperative states I should neer act except in such a bureau that I can also will that my maxim should become a universal good (Kant, 1996). In universalising a law that is not in proportion to specific circumstances, it allows moral issues to be solved by pure rationality. When applying Toms situation to Kants universalisation theory, a maxim for Toms situation could be one should falsify data if it benefits them. This could not be accepted as a law universally as falsifying data could not be consistent, as eventually all data would be deemed tainted and therefore unusable, preeminent to the act of giving information to its own demise.If itwere ethical for Tom to falsify data, Tom would have to accept that it would therefore be ethical for bothone to do so. If everyone was free to fake data, universal lying would weaken trust in communication. Kant also states act in such a way that you treat humanity, whether in your own person or in the person of another, always at the same time as an end and never simply means (Kant, 1996). If Tom falsified his CV, it would result in disrespect as the owners of the accounting firm are basing crucial business decisions on inaccurate data, which is unethical. truth ethicsApplying virtue ethics is based on evaluating how virtuous Tom is, not just the actions or consequences of his moral situation. A virtue that can be applied from Aristotles Doctrine of the Mean is impassivity meaning good deeds are done for their own sake and not for personal recognition. The two vices of indifference are false modesty (deficiency) and careerist(excess). Assuming Tom decided to fake his CV he would let out component partistics in the vice of excess meaning he is a c areerist and would not be classified as virtuous, and therefore unethical.Ranking of Ethical Theories1. Utilitarianism/EgoismUtilitarianism is in line with many fundamental morals that indian lodge intends for us to adopt. For example, two fundamental ethical principles are that we must avoid doing harm to others and aim to do good. When I consider certain actions or decisions, I commonly evaluate them in terms of their consequences. Although it disregards the ethical element of an action, it looks at the benefits it can cause in solving my moral dilemmas. Egoism alsousually takes part in almost of my moral decision making. I usually base many of my decisions on the consequences I can achieve, therefore find this most useful.2. Virtue EthicsI use virtue ethics to solve some moral issues due to the benefit of gaining insight into emotional and personal value in relation to the action. I believe people are emotionally involved in ethical reasoning making virtue ethics a better way to assess whether an action is ethical or not. I find this theory somewhat useful as I believe every situation cannot be branded under absolute rules, as in Kantian Ethics.3. Kantian EthicsAlthough Kantian seems like the right moral social organisation to follow it is extremely idealistic and would not necessarily result in good outcomes for me or the greater good of everyone. I think due to it being a rigid system, in certain situations for my moral dilemmas, it could not be used as Kantian ethics does not factor the importance of character and motivation in making ethical judgements. Therefore I dont believe I would assess the ethics of a dilemma accurately, finding this least useful. department BSocially responsible organisations should aim to minimise their negative impacts, but the fast food industry faces extreme public criticism due to the make it is having on some main stakeholders consumers and communities. Fast food consumption is potentially harmful and if businesses ad opt Friedmans shareholder theory by only focusing on short-term profit goals, the long-term welfare of customers is compromised. For example, Bowman, Gortmaker Ebbeling (2004), indicate that energy derived from fastfood is10% of a childs average recommended daily intake, 5 times to a greater extent than the 1970s. This highlights the need for somebody to not only take responsibility but action. Advertisers spend 100s of billions of dollars a year worldwide encouraging, persuading and manipulating children into a consumer lifestyle (Beder, 1998), leading to devastating consequences.The narrow view by Friedman, where businesses adopt the let the government do it theory is criticised as society now has a greater fretfulness for a better quality of life which businesses could help achieve. Supporters of Freeman maintain that fast food corporations have a responsibility to their stakeholders and should acknowledge potential wellness risks associated with consuming fast food. Highly adv ertised food corporations should have responsibilities beyond enhancing their profits, because they have great social and economic indicant in society. This undeniable power discounts Friedmans theory that the business cant handle it. If corporations have such power, they should also take responsibility for its actions in these areas.Nature Neuroscience published a study linking effects of fast food to those of addictive substances such as cocaine, heroin and nicotine (Klein, 2010). If tobacco packaging in many countries legally have to display health warnings due to smoking being addictive, why does fast food packaging not have responsibility to do the same? Businesses who adopt a narrow view on CSR compromise stakeholders welfare. For example, on January 1954 in the US main tobacco companies published a statement named A Frank assertion to Cigarette Smokers reaching an estimated 43,245,000 Americans (Cummings, 2002).The advertisement promised consumers that cigarettes were safe a nd denied all health risks to consumers. This resulted in millions of people dying due to lacking concern stemming from the companies understating health effects in a blind effort to create profit. This scenario could almost determine the future of fast food industries being irresponsible aboutmarketing to addicted consumers. If major(ip) food corporations dont undertake measures to outweigh unhealthy promotion to children and society, they might too face the same consequences.

The motorcycle Helmet law Essay Example for Free

The motorcycle Helmet truth EssayMillions of people all oer the United States choose motorcycles over automobiles for the thrill, speed, and high performance capabilities. On the other hand, motorcycles are non at all the safest way of transportation. Motorcycles do not provide the passenger with the outer security system that cars provide, therefore, when one crashes, the results are usually much more serious. Injuries to the head are responsible for 76% of shamefulities when dealing with motorcycle crashes many of which could have been prevented had the rider been wearable a helmet. For this reason, many states have adopted the motorcycle helmet police force.The lawfulness states that every passengers must wear a helmet at all times when riding on a motorcycle. This law has created a great deal of controversy. One place supports the law, believing that it cherishs motorcyclists from danger and saves the economy a great deal of money. The other side argues that the law is unconstitutional and it violates our right to freedom. However, statistics show overwhelming support in favor of the motorcycle helmet law. Although wearing helmets cannot prevent motorcycle crashes, they can greatly skip the number of deaths caused by head psychic trauma as well as cut downing taxes, insurance evaluate, and health care costs.Therefore, the helmet law should be put into meat in every state across the United States. Helmets drastically reduce the tremendous number of deaths caused by head injuries as well as step-down the severity of any nonfatal injuries to the head. Statistics gathered by the Safety Nationwide Insurance Enterprises show that an unhelmeted rider is 40% more similarly to suffer fatal head injuries, compared with a helmeted rider. Also, with the helmet law in effect, close to 100% of motorcyclists wear a helmet. Without the law, only 50% of motorcyclists wear helmets.Also, death rates are twice as high in states without the law. One get wo rd estimated that because 25 states ratified the law, over 3,300 lives were saved last year alone. Since helmets reduce the stake of injury and death, they will also, in tern, help the economy. The Vice President of Safety Nationwide Insurance Enterprises, Tim Hoyt, states, We may not be able to eliminate all the risk from motorcycling, but helmet laws greatly reduce the approximately expensive injuries head injuries. Reducing these costs is good for the consumer and it Is good for business, too. Health care costs and insurance rates are lowered because it is not as expensive to treat smaller-scale injuries. The government ends up paying a large portion of peoples medical bills because of different types of humans assistance programs. Hence, when health care costs are lower, the government does not need as much of our money to pay for those programs and taxes are reduced. The Insurance lay down for Highway Safety estimated that over $4 million dollars were saved last year as a direct result of the motorcycle helmet law.For these reasons the motorcycle helmet law should indisputably be enforced in every state. If the motorcycle helmet law helps the economy and more importantly saves lives, why doesnt the entire country enforce the law? The rejoinder is, many people feel that the helmet law is a violation of the rights granted to Americans in the Constitution. Most people in opposition to this law do not necessarily believe that it is a wise choice to ride a motorcycle without a helmet and they do recognize the positive impinge the helmet law has created.However, they do not think that the government has the right to tell people that it is mandatory to wear a helmet. One man argues, If we let the government dictate things like how we should ride a motorcycle, we will slowly develop characteristics of a communist government. Isnt communism what we fought against for so many years? Because of these strong points of view, a number of states do not endorse th e motorcycle helmet law. Some people believe that the motorcycle helmet law violates our freedom as Americans, but the law is actually used to protect us from harm and maintain order.There are limitations on almost everything we do, because a society without some type of laws or rules would be complete chaos. unsloped as there are speed limits, drinking restrictions, and seatbelt laws to protect us while in an automobile, there needs to be some type of law to protect us while riding on a motorcycle (especially since motorcycles are more dangerous in the first place). Therefore, in response to the opposing argument, the helmet law is not imposing on our Constitutional rights, but merely the governments way of saving money for itself and consumers and protecting riders.The motorcycle helmet law was designed to lower taxes, insurance rates, and health care costs and more importantly to save the lives of our loved ones. Statistics have proved just that. There is not one study that dis proves the positive effect the motorcycle helmet law has created thus far. Helmets will not stop a motorcyclist from getting into an accident, but with a helmet, the rider will most likely be able to survive the crash. The extra second it takes to put on a helmet could be the second that saves someones life. Why not make it the law?

Analysis of Marrysong Dennis Scott Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Marrysong Dennis Scott EssayThen Scott having to chart suggesting the creation of a map in order to get wind his wife, this emphasises the exploration of this new-found-land. The poem suggests an unsure attitude, as we see in the first line, year after year we dont know whether this suggest a long, drawn turn out relationship that could become dull, or whether this means he is happy, and the year after year suggests commitment. Time takes a prominent role in the poem, with what is described as year after year is then shortened to passing seasons then shrunk still to an hour until the shifting of moods becomes sudden, suddenly she would change. This suggests discombobulation within the relationship for Scott, as the changing of her attitudes becomes unexplainable and undetectable. This unpredictability leads us to the point of the heavy use of enjambment in the first five lines, word picture a vivid picture of uncertainty for Scott conversely, as the poem progress es, we see a much more structured approach. On the contrary, the poem as a whole is generally lacking in structure. The constant use of caesurae, which breaks lines using pauses, denoted by commas and full stops.Also, the stutter of all, all disrupts the flow of the poem much want the punctuation mentioned. This disruptiveness also contributes to the uncertainty of Scott within the marriage. However, as we approach the concluding lines of the poem Scott evokes a discovery of certainty. He says accepting her geography and stating that he wondered which peradventure suggests that he has no need to wander anymore. This final couplet also features a rhyming final two lines, which suggests stability and an atmosphere of certainty.The oxymoronic use of rattling helpless journey suggest that Scott is at his lovers mercy this is significant, as the whole poem conveys the idea that the woman dominates the relationship, and that Scott is exploring her and severe to figure her out. At the beginning of the poem we see that Scott says that she is under control by saying under his eye, this oxymoron features near to the end of the poem and, with numerous time frames universe described in the lines between these two phrases, seems to suggest that after all this time he still has not been able to work her out or even gain control of their relationship.Conversely, this contrasts with the following two lines in which Scott is stated to have figured her out find his way among the landscapes of her mind. The fourth line, in the walled anger of her quarried hurt takes a prominent role within the poem. The use of walled and quarried suggests an inescapable territory into which Scott seems to be stuck. Quarried also suggests that Scott is trying to unearth her personality, with walled being the antiaircraft behavior with which he does this.Love is a dangerous unreliable territory seems to be one of the main themes evoked by the poem. We see that Scott is continuously trying to gain power in the relationship. This seems to be unobtainable throughout the poem, however the title in itself reveals a childlike innocence about Scott Marrysong isnt really a word, and sounds like a word a child would make up. It also evokes the bewildering nature of love and the complexity of marriage. Ovid Ars Amatoria 1. 469-78 states that dura tamen saxa (nonetheless, hard rocks) molii cavantur aqua (are hollowed out by soft water).At one stage of the poem Scott states that one can see cool water laughing where the day before at that place were stones in her voice Scott maybe saying that the water hollowed out the rocks and overcame the rocks to make way for love. Furthermore, in relation to territory, Ovid states that capta vides Pergama sero capita tamen (You can see that Troy was captured after a long delay, but she was captured in the end) relating to Scott claiming that his lovers logic is like a territory needing to be explored, and the references of time relate to Ov id stating that Troy was captured after a while.

Market analysis: Hydroponics in Mauritius

Market synopsis Hydroponics in MauritiusIn essence, the job of a strategist is to understand and cope with rivalry. Often, managers define competition too narrowly, as if it occurred only among todays direct competitors. L every(prenominal), (2001, p. 6) decl bed that belligerentness in industrial activities means pause relative efficiency along with sustain adequate to(p) growth muchover, agri stage business line rivalrousness has been defined as The sustained readiness to payably gain and maintain groceryplace shargon(Martin, Westgren, van Duren, 1991, p. 1456) or, in a practically consumer-oriented way, as the ability of a degraded or manufacturing segment to offer products and services that meet or exceed the guest value reliablely or potentially offered by the products and services of rivals, transposes, and possible foodstuff entrants (Kennedy, Harrison, Kalaitzandonakes, Peterson, Rindfuss, 1997).Yet, according to Michael E. Porter, the Harvard Business School professor, competition for profit goes beyond sp hold back a pennyed industry rivals to include four other competitive forces as well as customers, providers, potential entrants and relief pitcher products.Furtherto a greater extent, the model of Five matched Forces was developed by Michael E. Porter in his book Competitive Strategy Techniques for Analysing Industries and Competitors in 1980. It draws upon Industrial Organisation (IO) to develop louvre forces that determine the competitive transport and at that placefore attractiveness of a market. Attractiveness in the context of business environment refers to the overall industry profitability. An unattractive industry is one in which the gang of these five forces acts to drive down the overall profitability. A very unattractive industry would be one approaching pure competition, in which available net income for all firms are driven down to zero.The character, mix, and subtleties of competitive forces are never the same from one industry to a nonher. A powerful and widely used incision for systematically diagnosing the principal competitive pressures in the hydroponics market and assessing the strength and importance of each is the five-forces model of competition.(see figure)Moreover, three of Porters five forces refer to competition from external sources. The remainders are internal threats. Therefore, it is important to use Porters five forces in conjunction with SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and scourges) and PEST Analysis ( governmental, Economical, Social and Technological).Porters Five Forces2.2.1 Threat of in the raw entrantsOne of the defining characteristics of competitive advantage is the industrys parapet to penetration. It is very expensive for rude(a) firms to enter an industry where there is high barrier of entry. Further more than, gainful markets that yield high returns willing attract new firms. In this situation, these new entrants could win o ver major determinants to the market environment (e.g. market shares, prices, customer loyalty) at each time.In the 1993 reprint of the first edition of Bain (1956, pp. 53-166), three main factors are considered as entry barriers economies of graduated table, product differentiation advantages, and absolute cost advantages.Moreover, as more firms enter the market, you will see rivalry increase and profitability will fall to the point where there is no bonus for firms to enter the industry. Likewise, the threat of the new entrants will depend on the extent to which there are barriers to entry. These are typicallyEconomies of scaleAccording to Kislev et al, it is generally accepted that agricultural production is characterized by increasing returns to scale. If economies of scale exist, it represents a high barrier of entry. Firms within the industry will score achieved these economies and if we enter this industry we will stimulate to match their scale size of production in order to compete with them. Thus according to Michael Porter, since EOS does not exist in a tangible way, we need to prove their instauration first before trying to compete with the existing firms.Capital requirementsThis refers to how much money should the firms have to tie up to keep the doors open. This is also a barrier to entry as if firms have to tie up large amounts of capital for daily operations this will deter smaller firms from entering. Dr. Pieter A.Schippers said that hydroponics requires high-cost installations merchandise gourmet vegetables at ritzy prices. According to AREU, the capital investment for hydroponics in Mauritius is up to three million rupees.Brand identicalnessAccording to Erin Ferree ,Brand identity operator is the combination of consistent visual elements that are used in your marketing materials. A basic pock identity kit consists of a logo, business card, letterhead, and envelope. It lay close be extended to include a Web site Where there is brand identity there is high barrier to entry and regarding the hydroponics market in Mauritius, there are no such barriers in the field of hydroponics as it is a newly grown market.Access to DistributionThe new entrant must, of course, secure distribution of its product or service. A new food item, for example, must displace others from the supermarket shelf via price breaks, promotions, intense selling efforts, or some other means. The more limited the wholesale or retail channels are and the more that existing competitors have tied them up, the tougher entry into an industry will be. Sometimes access to distribution is so high a barrier that new entrants must bypass distribution channels altogether or create their own.Switching costSwitching costs are fixed costs that purchasers casing when they change suppliers. Such costs whitethorn arise because a buyer who switches vendors must, for example, alter product specifications, retrain employees to use a new product, or modify processes or information systems. The larger the switching costs, the harder it will be for an entrant to gain customers. Enterprise resource planning (ERP) software is an example of a product with very high switching costs. Once a conjunction has installed SAPs ERP system, for example, the costs of moving to a new vendor are astronomical because of embedded data, the fact that internal processes have been adapted to SAP, major retraining needs, and the mission-critical reputation of the application.2.2.2 Bargaining Power of suppliersThe term suppliers comprises all sources for stimulations that are needed in order to provide goods or services and bargaining power is the ability to play the setting of prices. Therefore, bargaining power of suppliers will identify the extent to which your suppliers basin choose to raise prices, reduce quality or reduce service without consequence. The more concentrated and controlled the supply, the more power it wields against the market. Monopolistic or quasi-monopolistic suppliers will use their power to extract better terms (higher profit margins or) at the expense of the market. Moreover, in a competitive market, no one supplier grass set the prices. Likewise, suppliers flowerpot group to wield more bargaining power. The conditions making suppliers, as a group, powerful tend to mirror those making the buyers powerful are as followsDifferentiation of inputsA primary goal of the theory of product differentiation is the authority of market structure and conduct of firms that can choose the specifications of their products besides choosing output and price. Traditional models of product differentiation and marketing have focused on products that are defined by one characteristic only. ( See Hotelling (1929), Vickrey (1964), DAspremont, Gabszewicz and Thisse (1979), Salop (1979), Economides (1984), Anderson, de Palma, and Thisse (1992), among others in economics and Hauser and Shugan (1983), Moorthy (1988) and Kumar and Sudarsha n (1988) in marketing.)Threat of forward integrationThe traditional market foreclosure theory, which was accepted in make iting court cases in 1950s-70s, viewed vertical merger as harming competition by denying competitors access to either a supplier or a buyer. (Arrow, K., unsloped Integration and Communication, Bell Journal of Economics, 1975, 6, 173-183.) The critics argue that the theory is logically flawed, and a vertically integrated firm cannot benefit from excluding its rivals (e.g., Bork, 1978 and Posner, 1976).The paper by Salop and Scheman (1987) forms the nates for this argument, and Ordover, Saloner, and Salop (1990, hereinafter OSS) is perhaps the best-known paper that pioneered the equilibrium approach to the analysis of vertical mergers.In this paper, I shall argue that the new theories on vertical mergers have ignored an important point, namely that vertical integration not only changes the integrated firms incentive to supply inputs to its downstream rivals, but it may also change the rivals incentives to purchase inputs from alternative suppliers. Once this is realized,an equilibrium theory of vertical mergers can be developed without some of the controversial assumptions made in the literature, and this theory can provide a framework in which the competitive effects of vertical mergers are measured and compared. The basic insight of my analysis is that vertical integration creates multimarket interaction between the integrated firm and its downstream rivals. A rival may recognize that if it purchases inputs from the integrated firm, the integrated firm may have less incentive to cut prices in the downstream market, which will benefit the rival. Therefore, vertical integration can change the incentive of a downstream rival in selecting its input supplier, making it a strategic instead of a passive buyer in the input market.Supplier concentration relative to industry concentration wiliness theory predicts that if trade costs go down or if productivity rises exogenously in a pool of potential suppliers with heterogeneous productivity levels, the number of suppliers will enlarge (Helpman, Melitz and Rubinstein 2008).An exogenous taste for variety, or a desire to limit monopoly positions, would also lead to a larger number of suppliers, although these forces are static. In the figurehead of heterogenous quality, however, the dynamics of diversification/concentration can be different.Access of labourAccording to Bertram,G. (1986), he assumes that output is governed by a well-behaved, continuous, constant returns to scale, entireness production function involving two factor inputs, capital and labour.( Bertram, G. (1986), Sustainable development in Pacific micro-economies, World Development, Vol. 14 No. 7, pp. 809-22.)Importance of volume of supplierAccording to Hahn et al., 1990 Humphreys et al., 2004 Krause, 1997 Krause et al., 1998 Li et al., 2007 Watts and Hahn, 1993, buyer-supplier births are becoming increasingl y important as buyers realize that their achiever is often tied to the capabilities and performance of suppliers. Many organizations engage in supplier development to assist suppliers in improving supply chain performance and capabilities.Bargaining power of buyerAccording to Inderst (2007), buyer power is the ability of buyers to obtain advantageous terms of trade from their suppliers. Monopsonistic or quasi- monopsonistic buyers will use their power to extract better terms at the expense of the market. In a truly competitive market, no one buyer can set the prices. Instead they are set by supply and guide. Prices are set by supply and demand and the market reaches the Pareto-optimal point where the highest possible number of buyers are satisfied at a price that still allow for the supplier to be profitable.Porter states that a buyer group is powerful if itpurchases large volumes relative to seller saleslearns low profitsthe products it purchases from the industry represent a su bstantive fraction of the buyers costs or purchasesthe products are standard or undifferentiated and face few switching coststhe industrys product is unimportant to the quality of the buyers products or servicesbuyers pose a credible threat of backward integrationThe buyer has full information.Additionally, with the bargaining power, buyers can impose on suppliers and thus can choose their suppliers. According to Ghodsypour and OBrien, (1998) weber et al., (2000) and Dahel, (2003), this can be done by using the linear programming models. Moreover, the multi-objective programming model developed by Weber and Ellram (1993) can helps buyer to select a pool of suppliers and determine the purchasing units to be allocated among the suppliers. vendee switching costBuyer-supplier kinships play a key role in the success of a supply chain (Chen and Paulraj, 2004 Lin et al., 2001 Storey and Emberson, 2006) however, organizations often face the problem of choosing appropriate suppliers (Pagell and Sheu, 2001 Chen and Paulraj, 2004 Wadhwa et al., 2006 Phusavat et al., 2007). The problem of choosing suppliers so that profits can be maximized has become increasingly vital to an enterprises survival due to keen competition in the micro-profit era (Giunipero et al., 2006). Numerous studies have addressed the issue of the buyer-supplier relationship in supply chain focal point. One stream of research examines related variables, such as cooperation, mirth, trust, and commitment, which make the supply chain relationship successful (Byrd and Davidson, 2003 Fynes et al., 2005 Malhotra et al., 2005). another(prenominal) stream focuses on the criteria for choosing suppliers, such as quality, on-time delivery, and costs (Chen and Paulraj, 2004 Blackhurst et al., 2005 Gunasekaran and Kobu, 2006 Phusavat and Kanchana, 2008). Among these criteria, costs have received the some attention because they are considered the key factor in choosing suppliers (Noordewier et al., 1990 Kalwani a nd Narayandas, 1995 Dahlstrom and Nygaard, 1999 Zhao and Yang, 2007).Buyer informationAnother reason why buyers were in such a strong bargaining position was because they had full information about demand, actual market prices, and even manufacturer costs. The buyers comparative information was often better than what was available to manufacturers, and thus with such full information, retailers were able to ensure that they received the most indulgent prices offered to others, and were able to oppose suppliers claims that their viability would be threatened if prices were reduced. Owing to all of the above reasons, one can see that the bargaining power of the Australian food retailers was so great in the early 1980s that they were perhaps in a unique position of strength even in a global sense.The current barriers for purchasing positive products mainly relates to price, availability, and consumer awareness. Moreover, offering customers and obtaining greater value added by creatin g, developing, and maintaining lasting customer-supplier relationships (Rexha,2000 Van der Haar et al., 2001), such that both parties benefit (Gronroos, 2000 Kothandaraman and Wilson, 2001 Sharma et al., 2001 Walter et al., 2001 Leek et al., 2003), is considered fundamental for guaranteeing the success and survival of companies in the market. Suppliers adapt to the customers needs in order to satisfy them. This adaptation can bring forward the customer to behave opportunistically (Brown et al., 2000 Wathne and Heide, 2000). But if the supplier is able to adapt, and satisfy customer needs better than its competitors, enduring relationships can develop between both agents.Brand identity of buyerAccording to Aaker, (1991, 1996), brand identity is a message about a brand that a firm seeks to communicate with. This communication is undertaken via the product, the brand name, symbols and logos, historical roots, the brands creator, and advertising (Kapferer, 1998Some organisations home plate their competitive advantage on physical assets such as a manufacturing facility, some on their employees, and some on their distribution networks (Kotler, 2000). Many others, however, seek to attain a competitive advantage from intangible assets such as their reputation or the brands that they own (Beverland, 2005 Keller, 1993 Low and Blois, 2002). Yet, research to date on branding in business and industrial marketing has been limited (Beverland et al., 2006 Low and Blois, 2002 Mudambi et al., 1997 Nilson, 1998).Price sensitivityPorter (1985) has defined two primary types of competitive strategy that can provide a source of competitive advantage differentiation and low cost strategy. The low cost strategy, which may enable a price leader position, can lead to price wars and is therefore risky for all digital products and services, including retail banking. Ultimately only one company can be the price leader, thus all other companies should contemplate alternative strategies.Li kewise, marketers and researchers are familiar with the concept of price elasticity, which describes changes in the quantity of demand for a product associated with changes in price of the product. If demand is elastic, changes in price level have a proportionally greater impact on demand. Inelastic demand describes the case where changes in price have little effect on demand. The concept of price elasticity describes the aggregate response of a market segment to price levels. Price sensitivity is an psyche difference variable describing how individual consumers react to price levels and changes in price levels. A consumer high in price sensitivity will manifest much less demand as price goes up (or higher demand as price goes down), and consumers low in price sensitivity will not react as strongly to a price change.Standardize productsA large majority of respondents believed that many retailers considered most food products to be fairly standard, and thus, as they could most often rule alternative suppliers, they played one manufacturing company against another. It was the respondents view that such tactics also extended towards substituting house brands and generics for brand names, and these aspects will be considered later. Thus, unless a manufacturer had very strong end-user demand for its brand (e.g. Vegemite, Milo, Pal), it found that its product was capable of being substituted unless it succumbed to retailer pressure.Threat of substitute productsAll firms in an industry are competing, in a broad sense, with industries producing substitute products. The impact of substitutes affected certain segments of the food industry more than others, the pellucid examples being the yellow fats segment (butter versus margarine), the sweeteners segment (sugar versus sugar substitutes) and the pet foods segment (canned versus dry).The food industry as a whole is, in fact, competing with other substitute expense categories such as entertainment and personal items. While expenditure on food will never fall below an essential base level. Research done by Ogilvy and Mather (1983) seems to suggest that more people cut back on food during the early 1980s, in order to cope with inflation, than on other expense categories.The following factors are being considered when analyzing the threat of substitute productsBuyer propensity to substituteFor sellers, it is crucial to win a buyers trust, then advance it over the course of a relationship. Trust enables the buyer to economize cognitive and emotional energy and rely on a seller before drawn-out information can be gathered (Luhmann, 1979 Jones and George, 1998 Yamagishi, 2002 Mayer et al., 1995). As trust matures, the buyer identifies with (Lewicki and Bunker, 1995) and feels affection and devotion for the seller (McAllister, 1995). Trust is therefore strongly linked to buyer commitment (Moorman et al., 1992) and loyalty (Morgan and Hunt, 1994).A sellers violation of trust occurs when the buyer perc eives evidence that the seller failed to meet the buyers confident expectations (Tomlinson et al., 2004).Relative price/performance relationship of substitutesShapiro (1992) argues that institutional investors, who normally trade in large quantities, are concerned with the opportunity costs involved in undertaking these large trades.Many suppliers, in turn, face a growing trend towards commoditization of products (Rangan and Bowman, 1992) and search for new ways of differentiating themselves through improved customer interactions (Vandenbosch and Dawar, 2002). From an academic perspective, there is a rich and growing tree trunk of research focusing on buyer-supplier relationships in business markets (Ulaga, 2001).More broadly, researchers have coined the term relationship quality which is typically assessed through some combination of commitment, satisfaction and trust (Crosby et al., 1990 Dorsch et al., 1998 Hewett et al., 2002).According to Wilson (1995, p. 337) trust is a fundam ental relationship model building block and as such is included in most relationship models. In addition to trust, Morgan and Hunt (1994) identified commitment as another key-mediating variable of relationship marketing. Furthermore in their commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing, Morgan and Hunt (1994) establish trust as a key-mediating variable that is central to relational exchanges. Moreover, customer satisfaction is widely accepted among researchers as a strong predictor for behavioural variables such as repurchase intentions, word-of-mouth, or loyalty (Ravald and Gronroos, 1996 Liljander and Strandvik, 1995). Satisfaction research is mainly influenced by the disconfirmation paradigm (Parasuraman et al., 1988).Competitive RivalryThe rivalry amongst existing firms analysis will help you to understand the risk that your competitors may compete for market position and if their competitive tactics are likely to be effective.Furthermore, you will find that your competitor s may compete for market position using tactics such as pricing competition, advertising as well as increasing customer service.To analyze industry rivalry in your industry, you will need to consider the following factorsDiversity among competitorsThe first point of departure is found in Miles et al.(1993)and Miles and reversal (1986) proposition that strategy in diversity and structure is normal in any industry, that it is good for and industry and furthermore that various configurations of strategy and structure may be equally effective in producing high performance.Industry growth rateWhen hydroponics industry is in a growth phase there will be room for the industry to grow, as a result there will be a low risk of competitor rivalry. Thompson et al., (2008) stated that rivalry becomes stronger if demand growth is slow.Exit barriersPowell (1995) incorporated entry barriers and industry rivalry in his research and found a significant correlation of firm performance with entry barr iers (r 029 p , 005) and industry rivalry (r 2032 p , 005). These results indicate the higher the entry barriers, the lower the threat of new entrants and the better the opportunities for improved performance and similarly, the higher the industry rivalry, the tougher the industry competition which would mean the lower the firm performance.A survey of Porters modelThere are, however, several limitations to Porters framework, such asIt tends to over-stress macro analysis, i.e. at the industry level, as opposed to the analysis of more specific product-market segments at a micro level.It oversimplifies industry value chains for example, invariably buyers may need to be both segmented and also differentiated between channels, intermediate buyers and end consumers.It fails to link directly to possible management action for example, where companies have apparently low influence over any of the five forces, how can they set about dealing with them?It tends to encourage the mind-set of a n industry as a specific entity with ongoing boundaries. This is perhaps less appropriate now where industry boundaries appear to be far more fluid.It appears to be self-contained, thus not being specifically related, for example, to PEST factors, or the dynamics of growth in a particular market.It is couched in economic terminology, which may be perceived to be too much jargon from a practising managers perspective and indeed, it could be argued that it is over-branded.SWOT AnalysisSWOT analysis, which is sooner introduced in 1969 by Harvard researchers (e.g. Learned et al., 1991), calls for an external assessment of the opportunities and threats that exist in a firms environment and an internal assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the organisation. The SWOT framework became popular during the mid-seventies because of its inherent assumption that managers can plan the alignment of a firms resources with its environment. Subsequently, during the decade of the 1980s, Porte rs (1980) introduction of the industrial organization paradigm with his five forces models gave primacy to a firms external environment, overshadowing the popularity of SWOT. More recently, at the start of the twenty-first century, SWOT is alive and well as the recommended framework for case analysis in many of the leading strategic management and marketing texts (Hitt et al., 2000 Anderson and Vince, 2002). However, despite its wide and enduring popularity, SWOT has remained an theoretical framework, of limited prescriptive power for practice and minor significance for research (Dess, 1999).Generally, firms are asked to develop strategies to guide the organisation to ward opportunities that may be exploited using strengths of the organisation, push the organisation away from threats in the environment, maintain existing strengths and improve organisational weaknesses. Recently, Duncan, Ginter and Swayne (1998) suggested a four step model for assessing internal strengths and weaknes ses. Their four steps include surveying, categorising, investigation, and evaluating.The tables below show the Strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of hydroponics in Mauritius.STENGTHSWEAKNESSESGrowing demand for vegetables, both consumer and business markets.surround-friendly practices favoured.Provide employment.Flexible in production.Poorly structured distribution channels.Finance such project requires huge investments.Insufficient use of technology growers in Mauritius cannot establish to adopt latest technology such as those used in Australia and USA due to high costs.Equipment and other materials have to be imported.Lack of handy trainers.OPPORTUNITIESTHREATSFavoured business environment- laws and legislations have been modified so as to propel small business. Examples are the introduction of the Municipal Fee, replacing the Trade Licence, Special Tax vacation Scheme, cancellation of customs duty on several products and Empowerment Programme.Incentives offered to registered enterprises by SEHDA, National Computer Board and so on. Examples are awards to the best business plans, business advise and facilitation.Increasing cost of doing business.High inflation rate causing depreciation of the Mauritian Rupees.Favourable prices of the substitutes.PEST AnalysisPEST (or political, economic, social and technological factors) is the most commonly used tool for environmental analysis (Beamish, 1996) and is possibly the second most widely known strategy technique after SWOT analysis.Political/ Legal Environment in most countries, the government provides much needed support to those who want to invest in hydroponics technology. Examples are tax relieves on equipment, free counselling, training, incentives to set up small businesses, loan facilities and so on.Regarding the Economic Environment, these issues should be consideredIncome is a major influencer of consumer purchasing power. For instance, a fall in income caused by an increase in the rate of inflation may result in a fall in purchasing power. Consumers may buy more of the organic vegetables, which are cheaper than the hydroponics vegetables. The reverse is also true.Changing consumer spending patterns influence the demand for hydroponics produce. It has been noted that there is an increasing tendency for consumers to spend more and more on leisure activities, transportation, medical-care and education rather than food. But with the new budget made by the finance minister, we can expect that the spending on education will decrease and ultimately result to and increase in food or other activities also.Social/ cultural Environment a take by the NZ Vegetable Growers Federation (www.vegetables.co.nz) , found that nearly 40% of people who purchase organic food do so because they believe it is pesticide-free.Technological Environment growers of hydroponics produce who do not adopt the best practice technology will be disadvantaged and gradually lose access to all but low marg in residual markets.However, there is a profound gap between PEST and SWOT analysis, and this is only partly met by Porters five forces. A linking technique is that of Grundys growth drivers (Grundy, 2004). See the diagram below.Grundy gives an example of growth driver analysis, helping us to represent the forces that, directly or indirectly, cause or inhibit market growth over a particular time period.However, an important feature to note here is that it is part of a system.The system captures, in an onion model format, the key domains that need to be thought through, within the overall competitive climate, beginning with_ PEST factors_ growth drivers_ Porters five competitive forces_ competitive position.These layers of the onion are highly interdependent, which might be a very useful phenomenon for managers to learn about and to apply. For example, where the PEST factors are generally hospitable, growth is advance and the full impact of the five competitive forces may not be fel t and may thus be latent. However, where the PEST factors become inhospitable, this will all the way dampen the growth drivers, and if the growth drivers within a particular market are themselves tightening, for example due to life-cycle effects, then this will put a disproportionate and adverse pressure on Porters five forces, particularly in the bargaining power of buyers, and also upon rivalry. Furthermore, a high growth environment may encourage entrants and a low one will discourage these. The result can lead to a collapse in confidence and in prices unless there are lots of exits.